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5.
Emergencias ; 35(1): 6-14, 2023 02.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36756911

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To describe the epidemiologic, clinical, and toxicologic profiles of patients who used recreational ketamine and experienced acute poisoning. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective observational study of patients attended by several emergency medical services in the Balearic Islands for analytically confirmed acute poisoning after using ketamine between January 2016 and December 2020. Urine samples were analyzed by immunoassay and combined gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. RESULTS: One hundred twenty-two patients were studied. The mean (SD) age was 26.7 (6.5) years. The majority were men (77.9%) and not residents of the Balearic Islands (74.6%). Poisoning cases occurred mainly in the summer and in the island of Ibiza (84.4%). Ketamine use was declared by the patient or clinically suspected in 40.2%. The most common clinical signs were tachycardia (43.4%), hypertension (28.7%), mydriasis (27.0%), altered consciousness (25.4%), agitation/aggressiveness (25.4%), and hypothermia (21.3%). Seven patients (5.73%) required admission to the intensive care unit. The drugs most often detected along with ketamine were cocaine, in 93.4%, and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), in 78.7%. Multiple-drug use combining ketamine, cocaine, and MDMA, or on occasion additional substances, was detected in 98.4%. CONCLUSION: Detection of ketamine in urine samples from patients poisoned by recreational drugs is associated with a characteristic profile: young men who are not residents of the Balearic Islands, who attend electronic music concerts, and who have taken multiple drugs. A substantial percentage of such patients are unaware of drug intake.


OBJETIVO: Identificar el perfil epidemiológico, clínico y toxicológico de los pacientes consumidores de ketamina en el contexto de una intoxicación aguda por drogas recreativas. METODO: Estudio observacional retrospectivo en pacientes atendidos en varios servicios de urgencias (SU) en Baleares por intoxicaciones agudas por drogas recreativas con exposición a ketamina confirmada analíticamente, entre enero de 2016 y diciembre de 2020. El análisis toxicológico en muestras de orina se realizó mediante inmunoensayo y cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 122 pacientes. La edad media fue de 26,7 (DE 6,5) años. La mayoría eran hombres (77,9%) y no residentes en las Islas Baleares (74,6%). Los casos se detectaron mayoritariamente en verano y en Ibiza (84,4%). El uso de ketamina solo fue declarado por el paciente o fue clínicamente sospechado por el médico en el 40,2%. Los signos clínicos más frecuentes fueron taquicardia (43,4%), hipertensión (28,7%), midriasis (27,0%), disminución de la consciencia (25,4%), agitación/agresividad (25,4%) e hipotermia (21,3%). Siete pacientes (5,7%) requirieron ingreso en la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI). La cocaína (93,4%) y la 3,4-metilendioximetanfetamina (MDMA) (78,7%) fueron las drogas más detectadas junto con la ketamina. El policonsumo fue habitual (98,4%), combinando ketamina, cocaína y MDMA, en algunos casos asociado a otras sustancias. CONCLUSIONES: La detección de ketamina en intoxicaciones por drogas recreativas se asocia a consumidores con un perfil característico (varones jóvenes, no residentes, asistentes a eventos de música electrónica y policonsumo) y un alto porcentaje desconocen de este consumo.


Assuntos
Cocaína , Drogas Ilícitas , Ketamina , N-Metil-3,4-Metilenodioxianfetamina , Venenos , Masculino , Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Drogas Ilícitas/efeitos adversos , Ketamina/efeitos adversos , Ketamina/urina , N-Metil-3,4-Metilenodioxianfetamina/urina
6.
Emergencias (Sant Vicenç dels Horts) ; 35(1): 6-14, feb. 2023. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-213764

RESUMO

bjetivo. Identificar el perfil epidemiológico, clínico y toxicológico de los pacientes consumidores de ketamina en el contexto de una intoxicación aguda por drogas recreativas.Método. Estudio observacional retrospectivo en pacientes atendidos en varios servicios de urgencias (SU) en Baleares por intoxicaciones agudas por drogas recreativas con exposición a ketamina confirmada analíticamente, entre enero de 2016 y diciembre de 2020. El análisis toxicológico en muestras de orina se realizó mediante inmunoensayo y cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas.Resultados. Se incluyeron 122 pacientes. La edad media fue de 26,7 (DE 6,5) años. La mayoría eran hombres (77,9%) y no residentes en las Islas Baleares (74,6%). Los casos se detectaron mayoritariamente en verano y en Ibiza (84,4%). El uso de ketamina solo fue declarado por el paciente o fue clínicamente sospechado por el médico en el 40,2%. Los signos clínicos más frecuentes fueron taquicardia (43,4%), hipertensión (28,7%), midriasis (27,0%), disminución de la consciencia (25,4%), agitación/agresividad (25,4%) e hipotermia (21,3%). Siete pacientes (5,7%) requirieron ingreso en la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI). La cocaína (93,4%) y la 3,4-metilendioximetanfetamina (MDMA) (78,7%) fueron las drogas más detectadas junto con la ketamina. El policonsumo fue habitual (98,4%), combinando ketamina, cocaína y MDMA, en algunos casos asociado a otras sustancias.Conclusiones. La detección de ketamina en intoxicaciones por drogas recreativas se asocia a consumidores con un perfil característico (varones jóvenes, no residentes, asistentes a eventos de música electrónica y policonsumo) y un alto porcentaje desconocen de este consumo. (AU)


Objective. To describe the epidemiologic, clinical, and toxicologic profiles of patients who used recreational ketamine and experienced acute poisoning. Methods. Retrospective observational study of patients attended by several emergency medical services in the Balearic Islands for analytically confirmed acute poisoning after using ketamine between January 2016 and December 2020. Urine samples were analyzed by immunoassay and combined gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Results. One hundred twenty-two patients were studied. The mean (SD) age was 26.7 (6.5) years. The majority were men (77.9%) and not residents of the Balearic Islands (74.6%). Poisoning cases occurred mainly in the summer and in the island of Ibiza (84.4%). Ketamine use was declared by the patient or clinically suspected in 40.2%. The most common clinical signs were tachycardia (43.4%), hypertension (28.7%), mydriasis (27.0%), altered consciousness (25.4%), agitation/aggressiveness (25.4%), and hypothermia (21.3%). Seven patients (5.73%) required admission to the intensive care unit. The drugs most often detected along with ketamine were cocaine, in 93.4%, and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), in 78.7%. Multiple-drug use combining ketamine, cocaine, and MDMA, or on occasion additional substances, was detected in 98.4%. Conclusions. Detection of ketamine in urine samples from patients poisoned by recreational drugs is associated with a characteristic profile: young men who are not residents of the Balearic Islands, who attend electronic music. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Ketamina/toxicidade , Drogas Ilícitas , Intoxicação , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Estudos Retrospectivos
7.
Emergencias (Sant Vicenç dels Horts) ; 32(1): 26-32, feb. 2020. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-185850

RESUMO

Objetivo: Investigar si existen diferencias clínicas y toxicológicas en pacientes intoxicados por anfetamina (ANF) y metanfetamina (MANF) atendidos en servicios de urgencias. Método: Estudio observacional retrospectivo de intoxicaciones por ANF y MANF con confirmación analítica en Baleares (2013-2018). Se compararon variables clínicas, toxicológicas y de manejo clínico entre grupos. Resultados: 1) Se incluyeron 120 pacientes, 86 (71,7%) grupo ANF y 34 (28,3%) grupo MANF. 2) La confirmación de derivados anfetamínicos se realizó por cromatografía de gases-espectrometría de masas en 787 muestras de orina previamente positivas mediante un método de cribado cualitativo. Se confirmaron 154 (19,6%) muestras. De ellas, 34 fueron excluidas. 3) Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre ANF y MANF en: edad (32,3 vs 28,4 años); sexo (72,1 vs 94,1% hombres); nacionalidad española (64,0 vs 29,4%); en motivos de admisión: alteración de conducta (15,1 vs 0%) y palpitaciones (1,2 vs 20,6%); y en características clínicas: agitación (27,9 vs 8,8%). No hubo diferencias de manejo clínico. El 76,6% de casos fueron polintoxicaciones, más comunes en ANF (82,6 vs 61,8%). En estos casos se detectó principalmente cocaína (63,0%), cannabis (48,9%), MDMA (38,0%) y alcohol (35,9%). La mayor asociación del cannabis con el grupo de ANF fue estadísticamente significativa (45,3 vs 17,6%). La causa de los falsos positivos se identificó en el 78,7% de muestras, siendo el MDMA (71,2%) la principal. Conclusiones: Se observaron diferencias entre ANF y MANF en cuanto a variables demográficas y motivo de asistencia; no obstante en esta serie hubo un alto porcentaje de polintoxicaciones


Objective: To determine whether clinical and toxicologic findings differed between cases of amphetamine (AMP) and methamphetamine (mAMP) poisoning attended in 2 Balearic Island hospital emergency departments. Methods: Retrospective observational study of AMP and mAMP cases with laboratory confirmation between 2013 and 2018. We compared clinical and toxicologic variables as well as clinical management between groups. Results: 1) A total of 120 cases were found: 86 (71.7%) with AMP poisoning and 34 (28.3%) with mAMP poisoning. 2) Drug poisoning was confirmed by gas chromatography associated with mass spectrometry (GC–MS) in 787 urine samples found to be positive during screening. One hundred fifty-four (19.6%) were confirmed by GC–MS. Thirtyfour of them did not meet the inclusion criteria. 3) Significant differences between AMP and mAMP cases were found for age (32.3 vs 28.4 y, respectively); sex (72.1% vs 94.1% men); and Spanish nationality (64.0% vs 29.4%). Reasons for admission and clinical features also differed: the reasons were aberrant behavior (15.1% in the AMP group vs 0% in the mAMP group) and palpitations (1.2% vs 20.6%); agitation was observed in 27.9% and 8.8%, respectively. Clinical management was similar in the 2 groups. Multiple drug poisoning was detected in 76.6% patients and was more common in patients in the AMP group (82.6% vs 61.8%). The additional drugs in these cases were mainly cocaine (63.0%), cannabis (48.9%), 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methamphetamine (MDMA) (38.0%), and alcohol (35.9%). Cannabis was detected in a significantly higher proportion in the AMP group (45.3%) than in the mAMP group (17.6%). False positives were found in 78.7% of the samples. The culprit drug was most often MDMA (71.2%). Conclusions: AMP poisonings were associated with age over 30 years, Spanish nationality, aberrant behavior, agitation, multiple drug findings, and the use of cannabis. Poisonings caused by mAMP abuse were associated with age under 30 years, non-Spanish nationality, palpitations, and single-drug use


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Anfetamina/toxicidade , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Anfetaminas/epidemiologia , Serviços Médicos de Emergência , Metanfetamina/toxicidade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/complicações
8.
Emergencias ; 32(1): 26-32, 2020 02.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31909909

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether clinical and toxicologic findings differed between cases of amphetamine (AMP) and methamphetamine (mAMP) poisoning attended in 2 Balearic Island hospital emergency departments. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective observational study of AMP and mAMP cases with laboratory confirmation between 2013 and 2018. We compared clinical and toxicologic variables as well as clinical management between groups. RESULTS: 1) A total of 120 cases were found: 86 (71.7%) with AMP poisoning and 34 (28.3%) with mAMP poisoning. 2) Drug poisoning was confirmed by gas chromatography associated with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in 787 urine samples found to be positive during screening. One hundred fifty-four (19.6%) were confirmed by GC-MS. Thirtyfour of them did not meet the inclusion criteria. 3) Significant differences between AMP and mAMP cases were found for age (32.3 vs 28.4 y, respectively); sex (72.1% vs 94.1% men); and Spanish nationality (64.0% vs 29.4%). Reasons for admission and clinical features also differed: the reasons were aberrant behavior (15.1% in the AMP group vs 0% in the mAMP group) and palpitations (1.2% vs 20.6%); agitation was observed in 27.9% and 8.8%, respectively. Clinical management was similar in the 2 groups. Multiple drug poisoning was detected in 76.6% patients and was more common in patients in the AMP group (82.6% vs 61.8%). The additional drugs in these cases were mainly cocaine (63.0%), cannabis (48.9%), 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methamphetamine (MDMA) (38.0%), and alcohol (35.9%). Cannabis was detected in a significantly higher proportion in the AMP group (45.3%) than in the mAMP group (17.6%). False positives were found in 78.7% of the samples. The culprit drug was most often MDMA (71.2%). CONCLUSION: AMP poisonings were associated with age over 30 years, Spanish nationality, aberrant behavior, agitation, multiple drug findings, and the use of cannabis. Poisonings caused by mAMP abuse were associated with age under 30 years, non-Spanish nationality, palpitations, and single-drug use.


OBJETIVO: Investigar si existen diferencias clínicas y toxicológicas en pacientes intoxicados por anfetamina (ANF) y metanfetamina (MANF) atendidos en servicios de urgencias. METODO: Estudio observacional retrospectivo de intoxicaciones por ANF y MANF con confirmación analítica en Baleares (2013-2018). Se compararon variables clínicas, toxicológicas y de manejo clínico entre grupos. RESULTADOS: 1) Se incluyeron 120 pacientes, 86 (71,7%) grupo ANF y 34 (28,3%) grupo MANF. 2) La confirmación de derivados anfetamínicos se realizó por cromatografía de gases-espectrometría de masas en 787 muestras de orina previamente positivas mediante un método de cribado cualitativo. Se confirmaron 154 (19,6%) muestras. De ellas, 34 fueron excluidas. 3) Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre ANF y MANF en: edad (32,3 vs 28,4 años); sexo (72,1 vs 94,1% hombres); nacionalidad española (64,0 vs 29,4%); en motivos de admisión: alteración de conducta (15,1 vs 0%) y palpitaciones (1,2 vs 20,6%); y en características clínicas: agitación (27,9 vs 8,8%). No hubo diferencias de manejo clínico. El 76,6% de casos fueron polintoxicaciones, más comunes en ANF (82,6 vs 61,8%). En estos casos se detectó principalmente cocaína (63,0%), cannabis (48,9%), MDMA (38,0%) y alcohol (35,9%). La mayor asociación del cannabis con el grupo de ANF fue estadísticamente significativa (45,3 vs 17,6%). La causa de los falsos positivos se identificó en el 78,7% de muestras, siendo el MDMA (71,2%) la principal. CONCLUSIONES: Se observaron diferencias entre ANF y MANF en cuanto a variables demográficas y motivo de asistencia; no obstante en esta serie hubo un alto porcentaje de polintoxicaciones.


Assuntos
Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Anfetaminas , Anfetamina/envenenamento , Metanfetamina/envenenamento , Detecção do Abuso de Substâncias , Adulto , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Anfetaminas/diagnóstico , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Anfetaminas/epidemiologia , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Feminino , Hospitais , Humanos , Masculino , Espanha
9.
Cir Esp ; 85 Suppl 1: 29-34, 2009 Jun.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19589407

RESUMO

In patients with traumatic intraabdominal hemorrhage, urgent decisions must be made. Resuscitation measures must often be simultaneously combined with diagnostic actions and measures to control the source of the bleeding. Hemorrhages are usually complicated by coagulation disorders and the presence of acidosis and hypothermia. In these conditions, emergency measures are required that usually involve various specialists. However, given the paucity of the scientific evidence in this field, the intervention protocols differ from one center to another. The European Guidelines for the management of bleeding following major trauma has recently been published. These guidelines review aspects such as evaluation and initial management of bleeding, localization and control of the source of bleeding and replacement of blood products. In addition, recommendations based on the best available evidence to 2008 are made. This review describes the basic aspects of traumatic intraabdominal hemorrhage.


Assuntos
Traumatismos Abdominais/complicações , Hemorragia/terapia , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Hemorragia/etiologia , Humanos , Escala de Gravidade do Ferimento
10.
Cir. Esp. (Ed. impr.) ; 85(supl.1): 29-34, jun. 2009. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-108533

RESUMO

El paciente con hemorragia intraabdominal traumática requiere la toma de decisiones con carácter urgente. Con frecuencia habrá que combinar de forma simultánea las medidas de reanimación con acciones diagnósticas y de control de la fuente de la hemorragia. El cuadro hemorrágico suele verse complicado con trastornos de la coagulación y la presencia de acidosis e hipotermia. En estas condiciones son necesarias actuaciones urgentes que generalmente implican a varios especialistas, pero dada la debilidad de la evidencia científica en este campo, las pautas de actuación difieren de un centro a otro. Recientemente se han publicado las Guías Europeas para el manejo del paciente traumatizado sangrante en las que se revisan aspectos como la valoración y el manejo inicial de la hemorragia, la localización y control de la fuente del sangrado y la reposición de hemoderivados. Se elaboran, asimismo, unas recomendaciones basadas en la mejor evidencia disponible hasta 2008. En la presente revisión expondremos los aspectos fundamentales referidos a la hemorragia intraabdominal traumática (AU)


In patients with traumatic intraabdominal hemorrhage, urgent decisions must be made. Resuscitation measures must often be simultaneously combined with diagnostic actions and measures to control the source of the bleeding. Hemorrhages are usually complicated by coagulation disorders and the presence of acidosis and hypothermia. In these conditions, emergency measures are required that usually involve various specialists. However, given the paucity of the scientific evidence in this field, the intervention protocols differ from one center to another. The European Guidelines for the management of bleeding following major trauma has recently been published. These guidelines review aspects such as evaluation and initial management of bleeding, localization and control of the source of bleeding and replacement of blood products. In addition, recommendations based on the best available evidence to 2008 are made. This review describes the basic aspects of traumatic intraabdominal hemorrhage (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Traumatismos Abdominais/cirurgia , Perda Sanguínea Cirúrgica/prevenção & controle , Padrões de Prática Médica , Acidose/complicações , Hipotermia/complicações , Fatores de Risco , Medicina Baseada em Evidências
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